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Gospel of James
The Gospel of James, also known as the Infancy Gospel of James or the Protevangelium of James, is an apocryphal Gospel probably written about AD 145, which expands backward in time the infancy stories contained in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, and presents a narrative concerning the birth and upbringing of Mary herself. It is the oldest source to assert the virginity of Mary not only prior to but during (and after) the birth of Jesus.〔(Luigi Gambero, "Mary and the fathers of the church: the Blessed Virgin Mary in patristic thought" pp.35-41 )〕 The ancient manuscripts that preserve the book have different titles, including "The Birth of Mary", "The Story of the Birth of Saint Mary, Mother of God," and "The Birth of Mary; The Revelation of James."〔(Bart D. Ehrman, " Lost Scriptures: Books that did not make it into the New Testament" p.63 )〕
==Authorship and date==
The document presents itself as written by James: "I, James, wrote this history in Jerusalem."〔http://www.gnosis.org/library/gosjames.htm〕 The purported author is thus James, the brother of Jesus, but scholars have established that the work was not written by the person to whom it is attributed.〔(Quick Questions (This Rock: August 1990) )〕
That conclusion is based on the style of the language and the fact that the author describes certain activities as contemporary Jewish customs that probably did not exist. For example, the work suggests there were consecrated temple virgins in Judaism, similar to the Vestal Virgins in pagan Rome, although this is unlikely to have been a practice in mainstream Judaism. Conversely, some Eastern Orthodox Christians and Roman Catholics argue that that the Old Testament shows that consecrated virginity had been practiced in Judaism since the days of the prophet Samuel (),〔"Mary would thus serve the Lord at the Temple, as women had for centuries (1 Sam. 2:22)" (Mary: Ever Virgin )〕 and the idea of Mary being a consecrated temple virgin is not far-fetched.
The consensus is that it was actually composed some time in the 2nd century AD. The first mention of it is by Origen of Alexandria in the early 3rd century, who says the text, like that of a Gospel of Peter, was of dubious, recent appearance and shared with that book the claim that the "brethren of the Lord" were sons of Joseph by a former wife.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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